赖氨酸安非他命

**赖氨酸安非他命**
臨床資料
其他名稱	Vyvanse
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a607047
核准狀況	美 FDA: Lisdexamfetamine;
懷孕分級	澳: B3 ; ;
依賴性	身体依赖: 无; 精神依赖: 中等
成癮性	中等
给药途径	口服（胶囊）
ATC碼	N06BA12 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：受管控（S8）; 加：Schedule I; 中：第一类精神药品; 德：Anlage III; 英：Class B; 美：附表II; 处方药（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	96.4%
药物代谢	起初由红血球水解。; 余下的代谢过程同安非他命#藥物代謝動力學。
藥效起始時間（英语：Onset of action）	2小时
生物半衰期	≤1小时（前体药物分子）; 9至11小时（右旋安非他命）
作用時間	12 hours
排泄途徑	肾脏：约2%
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexanamide; ;
CAS号	608137-32-2 [IUPHAR]
PubChem CID	11597698;
IUPHAR/BPS	7213;
DrugBank	DB01255 ;
ChemSpider	9772458 [Chemspider];
UNII	H645GUL8KJ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201222 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID00209652 ;
化学信息
化学式	C15H25N3O
摩尔质量	263.378 g/mol
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
	SMILES O=C(N[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)C)[C@@H](N)CCCCN;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H25N3O/c1-12(11-13-7-3-2-4-8-13)18-15(19)14(17)9-5-6-10-16/h2-4,7-8,12,14H,5-6,9-11,16-17H2,1H3,(H,18,19)/t12-,14-/m0/s1 ; Key:VOBHXZCDAVEXEY-JSGCOSHPSA-N ;

INN：利右苯丙胺，赖氨酸安非他命（英語：Lisdexamfetamine），品牌名Vyvanse和Elvanse，是中樞神經系統（CNS）兴奋剂右苯丙胺的前体药物，为一种苯丙胺类（英语：substituted amphetamine）的苯乙胺衍生物，即右旋安非他命和赖氨酸形成的酰胺。^[4]^[5]^[6]该药品被用于治疗青少年及成年人的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）以及成人的中重度暴食症，其给药方式为口服给药，药效通常再两个小时之内启动而能维持长达14个小时。^[7]根据英国NCIE的意见，利右苯丙胺可作为二线药物，用于治疗在予足量哌甲酯6周后，在减少ADHD症状和相关损害方面没有获得足够的益处的6-17岁ADHD患者。^[8]

参考资料[编辑]

^ Public Assessment Report Decentralised Procedure (PDF). Shire Pharmaceuticals Contracts Limited: 14. [2014-08-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-08-26）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Millichap JG. Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD. Millichap JG (编). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Brams, Matthew; Mao, Alice R.; Doyle, Robert L. Onset of Efficacy of Long-Acting Psychostimulants in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Postgraduate Medicine. 2008-01, 120 (3): 69–88. ISSN 0032-5481. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909 （英语）. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose
^ Details about INN Request 8690. extranet.who.int. [2024-06-07].
^ Vyvanse Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Shire US Inc. January 2015 [2015-02-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-02-25）.
^ Heal, David J; Smith, Sharon L; Gosden, Jane; Nutt, David J. Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2013-06, 27 (6): 479–496 [2022-05-09]. ISSN 0269-8811. PMC 3666194 . PMID 23539642. doi:10.1177/0269881113482532. （原始内容存档于2022-01-05）（英语）.
^ Lisdexamfetamine Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. [2024-06-07] （英语）.
^ Recommendations | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. 2018-03-14 [2024-06-07].

[1] Public Assessment Report Decentralised Procedure (PDF). Shire Pharmaceuticals Contracts Limited: 14. [2014-08-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-08-26）.

[Millichap:_onset,_peak,_and_duration-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Millichap JG. Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD. Millichap JG (编). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]

[XR_onset-duration-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Brams, Matthew; Mao, Alice R.; Doyle, Robert L. Onset of Efficacy of Long-Acting Psychostimulants in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Postgraduate Medicine. 2008-01, 120 (3): 69–88. ISSN 0032-5481. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909 （英语）. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose

[4] Details about INN Request 8690. extranet.who.int. [2024-06-07].

[Vyvanse_Drug_Insert-5] Vyvanse Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Shire US Inc. January 2015 [2015-02-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-02-25）.

[Amph_Uses-6] Heal, David J; Smith, Sharon L; Gosden, Jane; Nutt, David J. Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2013-06, 27 (6): 479–496 [2022-05-09]. ISSN 0269-8811. PMC 3666194 . PMID 23539642. doi:10.1177/0269881113482532. （原始内容存档于2022-01-05）（英语）.

[7] Lisdexamfetamine Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. [2024-06-07] （英语）.

[8] Recommendations | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. 2018-03-14 [2024-06-07].

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